Chrm4 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody

Specifications

Product Data
Applications	IF, WB
Recommend Dilution	WB: 1:200-1:2000; FC: 1:50-1:600
Reactivity	Human, Mouse, Rat
Host	Rabbit
Clonality	Polyclonal
Immunogen	Peptide(C) RTLNPASKWSK, corresponding to amino acid residues 330-340 of rat M4 Muscarinic Receptor. 3rd intracellular loop.
Formulation	Lyophilized. Concentration before lyophilization ~0.8mg/ml (lot dependent, please refer to CoA along with shipment for actual concentration). Buffer before lyophilization: Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, 1% BSA, 0.05% NaN3.
Reconstitution Method	Add 50 ul double distilled water (DDW) to the lyophilized powder.
Purification	Affinity purified on immobilized antigen.
Conjugation	Unconjugated
Storage Condition	Store at -20°C as received.
Gene Name	cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 4
Database Link	NP_113735 Entrez Gene 1132 HumanEntrez Gene 12672 MouseEntrez Gene 25111 Rat UniProt ID P08485
Background	Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter which activates two different groups of receptors: nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) which belong to the superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR), belonging to the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. There are five separate gene products that put together this GPCR subfamily, M1-M5. Generally, M1, M3 and M5 muscarinic receptors are known to activate phospholipase C (PLC) via Gq coupling, while M2 and M4 muscarinic receptors couple to Gi/o, and therefore inhibit adenylate cyclase. This classification is however not clear cut. mAChR can activate adenylate cyclase by coupling to Gs. In addition, M2 and M4 muscarinic receptors, when overexpressed can also activate adenylate cyclase in some systems. Evidence suggests that muscarinic receptors can form homo or heterodimers at that the dimer formed can subsequently affect the downstream signaling pathways. Muscarinic receptors have been shown to regulate voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, namely Cav2.1 as well acid sensing ion channels (ASIC). Generally speaking the actions of muscarinic receptors on ion channels can be either via 2nd messengers or through their direct action on the channels once activated. Furthermore, muscarinic receptors can also promote endocytosis of ion channels (KV1.2 for example) by recruiting tyrosine kinases that phosphorylate the channel in order to terminate its activity. Other diverse and important functions of muscarinic receptors include cell growth, survival and physiology. Expression of muscarinic receptors is found in neurons in the central nervous system as well as in the peripheral nervous system. In the non-nervous system, these receptors are expressed in the cardiac and smooth muscle, lung, intestine, ovary and urothelium. M4 muscarinic receptor is mostly expressed in the striatum where it colocalizes with D1 dopamine receptors. Malfunction of M4 muscarinic receptor is associated with a number of psychological and neurodegenerative diseases like schizophrenia, Alzheimerâ??s and Parkinsonâ??s diseases.
Synonyms	HM4; M4R; OTTHUMP00000205575
Reference Data

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