Gria4 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody

Specifications

Product Data
Applications	IHC, WB
Recommend Dilution	WB: 1:200-1:2000; IHC: 1:100-1:3000
Reactivity	Human, Mouse, Rat
Host	Rabbit
Clonality	Polyclonal
Immunogen	Peptide (C)KLMDRWKKLDQRE, corresponding to amino acid residues 274-286 of rat AMPA Receptor 4. Extracellular, N-terminus.
Formulation	Lyophilized. Concentration before lyophilization ~0.8mg/ml (lot dependent, please refer to CoA along with shipment for actual concentration). Buffer before lyophilization: Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, 1% BSA, 0.025% NaN3.
Reconstitution Method	Add 50 ul double distilled water (DDW) to the lyophilized powder.
Purification	Affinity purified on immobilized antigen.
Conjugation	Unconjugated
Storage Condition	Store at -20°C as received.
Gene Name	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 4
Database Link	NP_058959 Entrez Gene 2893 HumanEntrez Gene 14802 MouseEntrez Gene 29629 Rat UniProt ID P19493
Background	Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter and modulates its effects via ionotropic and metabotropic receptors which are different in their molecular, biochemical, pharmacological and physiological properties. The ionotropic ligand-gated ion channel glutamate receptors are classified into three major subtypes, AMPA, kainate and NMDA receptors according to their selective agonist. AMPA receptors consist of four closely related genes with about 70% homology that encode the four subunits GluR1-4. Their expression is known to be developmentally regulated and are also known to undergo alternative splicing. In fact, all four receptors have two splice variants, termed flip and flop, in an extracellular region adjacent to the M4 transmembrane region. These splice variants are also developmentally regulated such that flip is expressed before birth and remains highly expressed throughout adulthood whereas flop expression is postnatal and reaches flip’s level in adulthood. In addition to their expression regulation, flip and flop also differ in their activation/inactivation kinetics. Each AMPA receptor contains 3 membrane spanning domains (M1, M3 and M4), while the fourth hydrophobic domain (M2) is a reentering cytoplasmic loop that forms part of the channels pore. Different stoichiometries of these receptors form tetrameric structures to eventually form functional receptors. AMPA receptors are highly expressed in the brain. However, the GluR4 subunit is present in lower amounts in the CNS, except in the reticular thalamic neuclei and the cerebellum. The primary depolarization in glutamate neurotransmission is mediated by AMPA receptors, which are also key players in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory formation. The cellular distribution and post-translational modifications like phosphorylation are important for the activity of AMPA receptors and are thought to play a role in the long lasting and activity-dependent changes in synaptic strength.
Synonyms	GluA4; Glur-4; GluR-D; GluR4; Glur4; Gluralpha4; spkw1
Reference Data

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