Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor alpha 4 (CHRNA4) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody

Specifications

Product Data
Applications	FC, IHC, WB
Recommend Dilution	WB: 1:200-1:2000; IHC: 1:100-1:3,000; FC: 1:50-1:600
Reactivity	Human, Mouse, Rat
Host	Rabbit
Clonality	Polyclonal
Immunogen	Peptide (C)DLVNMHSRVDQLD, corresponding to amino acid residues 190-202 of human nAChRa4. Extracellular, N-terminus.
Formulation	Lyophilized. Concentration before lyophilization ~0.8mg/ml (lot dependent, please refer to CoA along with shipment for actual concentration). Buffer before lyophilization: Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, 1% BSA, 0.025% NaN3.
Reconstitution Method	Add 50 ul double distilled water (DDW) to the lyophilized powder.
Purification	Affinity purified on immobilized antigen.
Conjugation	Unconjugated
Storage Condition	Store at -20°C as received.
Gene Name	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit
Database Link	NP_000735 Entrez Gene 11438 MouseEntrez Gene 25590 RatEntrez Gene 1137 Human UniProt ID P43681
Background	Acetylcholine, released by cholinergic neurons, activates two groups of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs); muscarinic AChRs (mAChRs) which belong to the superfamily of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and nicotinic AChRs (nAChRs) which belong to the ligand-gated ion channel superfamily. nAChRs also respond to nicotine, hence their name. These channel receptors are usually non-selective cation channels activated upon ligand binding which ultimately leads to the depolarization of postsynaptic cell membranes. To date, 17 different but related subunits of nAChRs have been identified and cloned. They consist of a subunits (a1-10), which is responsible for the binding of ligands. In fact, this subunit includes a Cys-loop in the first extracellular domain that is required for agonist binding. The other subunits responsible for making up the active receptor are the Ã? (Ã?1-4), ?, d and e subunits. Structurally, all subunits have the following: a conserved large extracellular N-terminal domain, 3 conserved transmembrane domains, a variable cytoplasmic loop and a fourth transmembrane domain with a short extracellular C-terminal domain. An active nAChR is generally a heteropentamer (homopentamers also exist) of these various subunits organized around a central pore. All a subunits are expressed in neuronal cells except for the a1 subunit which is specifically expressed in skeletal muscle. They are also expressed in non-neuronal cells such as bronchial epithelial cells, as well lymphocytes. The diversity of these receptors and their functional organization gives rise to unique properties and functions. The a4Ã?2 receptor composition makes up a high affinity nicotinic receptor. In fact, its upregulation (mainly expressed by the increase of functional receptors at the membrane and not expression per se) is responsible for the increased appearance of binding sites following nicotine administration. Animal studies have shown that nAChR-related mechanisms are involved in attention function. Indeed a4Ã?2 nAChR seems to also be involved in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a disease distinguished by a lack of attention, distractibility and hyperactivity. The a4Ã?2 and a7 nAChRs appear to be critical in rats for attention and working memory. Also, a a4Ã?2 specific agonist was shown to reduce impulsivity, hyperactivity and attention deficits in adults with ADHD. This same receptor subtype may also be involved in Parkinsonâ??s disease (PD) as smoking and a4Ã?2 nAChR agonists show beneficial effects in PD.
Synonyms	BFNC; EBN; EBN1; NACHR; NACHRA4; NACRA4
Reference Data
Protein Families	Druggable Genome, Ion Channels: Cys-loop Receptors, Transmembrane

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