Proteinase Activated Receptor 4 (F2RL3) Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody

Specifications

Product Data
Applications	FC, IF, IHC, WB
Recommend Dilution	WB: 1:200-1:2000; IHC: 1:100-1:3,000; FC: 1:50-1:600
Reactivity	Human, Mouse, Rat
Host	Rabbit
Clonality	Polyclonal
Immunogen	Peptide (C)HLRGQRWPFGEAA(S)R, corresponding to amino acid residues 136-150 of human PAR-4. Cys 149 was replaced with Ser. 1st extracellular loop.
Formulation	Lyophilized. Concentration before lyophilization ~0.8mg/ml (lot dependent, please refer to CoA along with shipment for actual concentration). Buffer before lyophilization: Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, 1% BSA, 0.025% NaN3.
Reconstitution Method	Add 50 ul double distilled water (DDW) to the lyophilized powder.
Purification	Affinity purified on immobilized antigen.
Conjugation	Unconjugated
Storage Condition	Store at -20°C as received.
Gene Name	F2R like thrombin/trypsin receptor 3
Database Link	NP_003941 Entrez Gene 14065 MouseEntrez Gene 116498 RatEntrez Gene 9002 Human UniProt ID Q96RI0
Background	Protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR-4) belongs to a family of four G protein-coupled receptors (PAR-1 - 4) that are activated as a result of proteolytic cleavage by certain serine proteases, hence their name. In this novel modality of activation, a specific protease cleaves the PAR receptor within a defined sequence in its extracellular N-terminal domain. This results in the creation of a new N-terminal tethered ligand, which subsequently binds to a site in the second extracellular loop of the same receptor. This binding results in the coupling of the receptor to G proteins and in the activation of several signal transduction pathways. Different PARs are activated by different proteases. Hence, PAR-4 is activated by both thrombin and trypsin whereas PAR-1 and PAR-3 are activated only by thrombin and PAR-2 is activated only by trypsin. PAR-4 can be also cleaved and activated by other proteases such as cathepsin G. The intracellular signaling mechanisms mediated by PAR-4 activation are not completely elucidated but they involve calcium mobilization downstream of phospholipase Cβ through the Gαq pathway. Tissue distribution of PAR-4 is very broad with the highest expression levels found in lung, testis, pancreas and small intestine. In addition, PAR-4 expression was observed in platelets, megakaryocytes and leukocytes. Studies with platelets derived form PAR-4 knockout mice have established an essential role for PAR-4 in thrombin-induced platelet activation. PAR-4 is likely involved in other physiological functions such as regulation of gastrointestinal motility and regulation of vascular endothelial cell function.
Synonyms	PAR4
Note	This antibody was tested in live cell imaging. Please see IF/ICC data for detail.
Reference Data
Protein Families	Druggable Genome, GPCR, Transmembrane
Protein Pathways	Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction

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